📚 Literature Searching Excellence Framework
Literature searching is the systematic process of identifying, locating, and retrieving relevant scholarly information to support research, evidence-based practice, and academic inquiry. In 2025, this critical skill combines traditional methodologies with cutting-edge AI-powered tools and comprehensive digital resources.
🎯 Core Components of Effective Literature Searching
- Systematic Methodology: Structured approaches ensuring comprehensive, reproducible searches
- Database Expertise: Mastery of multiple platforms and their unique features
- Boolean Logic: Advanced query construction for precise retrieval
- Critical Evaluation: Assessment of source quality and relevance
- Documentation: Transparent recording of search strategies and decisions
- Technology Integration: Leveraging AI and automation tools effectively
🚀 2025 Literature Searching Landscape
The modern research environment offers unprecedented opportunities:
- AI-Powered Discovery: Scopus AI, Semantic Scholar, and Elicit revolutionizing search
- Open Access Expansion: Over 40% of scholarly literature now freely available
- Institutional Resources: DU eLibrary providing access to 100+ databases
- Interdisciplinary Integration: Cross-database searching breaking down silos
- Real-time Updates: Dynamic content with immediate availability
🎓 Why Master Literature Searching?
📖 Academic Excellence
- Comprehensive literature reviews
- Strong theoretical foundations
- Gap identification in research
- Citation network understanding
- Academic writing support
🔬 Research Impact
- Novel research questions
- Methodological insights
- Collaboration opportunities
- Funding proposal support
- Publication strategies
💼 Professional Development
- Evidence-based practice
- Industry trend analysis
- Competitive intelligence
- Policy development
- Innovation insights
⏱️ Efficiency Gains
- Time optimization
- Reduced redundancy
- Automated alerts
- Streamlined workflows
- Enhanced productivity
🗺️ Your Learning Journey
1Foundation Building
Master core search concepts, Boolean logic, and database navigation fundamentals. Understanding these basics provides the groundwork for advanced techniques.
2Database Proficiency
Explore DU eLibrary's extensive resources and learn database-specific features. Each platform has unique strengths and search capabilities to leverage.
3Advanced Techniques
Develop expertise in Scopus, Web of Science, and specialized databases. Learn citation tracking, bibliometric analysis, and research evaluation.
4Strategic Application
Apply systematic review methodologies, develop comprehensive search strategies, and integrate AI tools for enhanced discovery and analysis.
🔬 Literature Search Methods: Best Practices
Effective literature searching requires systematic application of proven methodologies combined with strategic use of modern tools. This comprehensive framework ensures thorough, efficient, and reproducible searches.
📋 PRISMA-S Framework (2024 Standard)
The gold standard for search reporting includes:
- Protocol Development: Pre-specified search strategy with clear objectives
- Information Sources: Comprehensive database selection and justification
- Search Strategy: Complete reproducible search strings for all databases
- Selection Process: Clear inclusion/exclusion criteria application
- Data Collection: Systematic extraction and quality assessment
- Documentation: Transparent reporting of all search activities
1Define Your Research Question
PICO Framework for Clinical Questions
- Population: Who are you studying?
- Intervention: What intervention/exposure?
- Comparison: What is the comparator?
- Outcome: What outcomes matter?
SPIDER Framework for Qualitative Research
- Sample: Who is being studied?
- Phenomenon of Interest: What experiences?
- Design: What study designs?
- Evaluation: What outcomes?
- Research type: Qualitative, mixed methods?
2Develop Search Strategy
| Concept 1: Population | Concept 2: Intervention | Concept 3: Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| diabetes OR diabetic* OR "diabetes mellitus" OR T2DM OR "type 2 diabetes" | exercise OR "physical activity" OR workout OR training OR fitness | "blood glucose" OR glycemic OR HbA1c OR "glucose control" |
Combine columns with AND, terms within columns with OR
3Select Appropriate Databases
🏥 Health Sciences
PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane
🧠 Psychology
PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology Database
🎓 Education
ERIC, Education Source, Teacher Reference
💼 Business
Business Source Premier, ABI/INFORM, EconLit
🔬 Science & Tech
Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore
📰 Multidisciplinary
Academic Search Complete, JSTOR, ProQuest
🎯 Search Optimization Techniques
💡 Keyword Development Strategy
- Identify Core Concepts: Break research question into 2-4 main concepts
- Generate Synonyms: Use thesauri, subject headings, and related articles
- Consider Variations:
- Spelling variants (pediatric/paediatric)
- Abbreviations (AI, artificial intelligence)
- Truncation (child* = child, children, childhood)
- Regional terms (elevator/lift)
- Test and Refine: Run preliminary searches and adjust
✅ Sensitivity Approach
Goal: Find everything relevant
- Broad search terms
- Multiple synonyms
- Minimal limits
- Multiple databases
Use for: Systematic reviews
🎯 Precision Approach
Goal: Find most relevant
- Specific terms
- Subject headings
- Applied filters
- Recent publications
Use for: Quick searches
📝 Documentation Best Practices
🗂️ Search Documentation Checklist
- Date and time of each search
- Database name and interface/platform
- Complete search strategy (copy/paste exact syntax)
- Number of results retrieved
- Any limits or filters applied
- Export format and number of records saved
- Notes on modifications or issues encountered
Search Log Example:
Database: PubMed (via NCBI)
Date: January 15, 2025
Search String: ((diabetes[MeSH] OR diabetic*[tiab]) AND (exercise[MeSH] OR "physical activity"[tiab]) AND ("blood glucose"[MeSH] OR HbA1c[tiab]))
Filters: Publication date 2020-2025, English, Humans
Results: 347 records
Exported: RIS format to Zotero
Database: PubMed (via NCBI)
Date: January 15, 2025
Search String: ((diabetes[MeSH] OR diabetic*[tiab]) AND (exercise[MeSH] OR "physical activity"[tiab]) AND ("blood glucose"[MeSH] OR HbA1c[tiab]))
Filters: Publication date 2020-2025, English, Humans
Results: 347 records
Exported: RIS format to Zotero
🔗 Boolean Logic & Advanced Search Techniques
Boolean operators form the foundation of systematic database searching, enabling precise query construction and efficient information retrieval across all platforms.
⚙️ Core Boolean Operators
AND - Narrows Results
diabetes AND exercise
Returns records containing BOTH terms
Use when: Combining different concepts
OR - Broadens Results
teenager OR adolescent OR youth
Returns records containing ANY term
Use when: Including synonyms/variants
NOT - Excludes Results
diabetes NOT gestational
Excludes records with specified term
Caution: May eliminate relevant records
1Nesting with Parentheses
Control the order of operations for complex searches:
Basic: diabetes AND exercise OR diet
Unclear - processes as (diabetes AND exercise) OR diet
Nested: diabetes AND (exercise OR diet)
Clear - diabetes must appear with either exercise or diet
Complex: (diabetes OR diabetic*) AND (exercise OR "physical activity" OR fitness) AND (glycemic OR glucose OR HbA1c)
Unclear - processes as (diabetes AND exercise) OR diet
Nested: diabetes AND (exercise OR diet)
Clear - diabetes must appear with either exercise or diet
Complex: (diabetes OR diabetic*) AND (exercise OR "physical activity" OR fitness) AND (glycemic OR glucose OR HbA1c)
2Truncation and Wildcards
| Symbol | Function | Example | Retrieves |
|---|---|---|---|
| * (asterisk) | Multiple characters | child* | child, children, childhood, childcare |
| ? (question mark) | Single character | wom?n | woman, women |
| # (pound) | Single character or none | colo#r | color, colour |
| $ (dollar) | Zero or one character | optimi$e | optimize, optimise |
Note: Symbols vary by database - check help documentation
3Proximity Operators
Find terms within specified distances from each other:
NEAR/n or N/n: Terms within n words, any order
climate NEAR/3 change → finds "climate change" and "change in climate"
ADJ/n or W/n: Terms within n words, exact order
blood ADJ/2 pressure → finds "blood pressure" and "blood arterial pressure"
PRE/n: First term precedes second by n words
cognitive PRE/3 therapy → finds "cognitive behavioral therapy"
climate NEAR/3 change → finds "climate change" and "change in climate"
ADJ/n or W/n: Terms within n words, exact order
blood ADJ/2 pressure → finds "blood pressure" and "blood arterial pressure"
PRE/n: First term precedes second by n words
cognitive PRE/3 therapy → finds "cognitive behavioral therapy"
4Phrase Searching
"Quotation Marks"
Exact phrase searching
"artificial intelligence"
"evidence based practice"
"evidence based practice"
Finds exact phrase only
{Curly Brackets}
Loose phrase (Scopus)
{heart attack}
{cognitive behavior therapy}
{cognitive behavior therapy}
Allows variations within phrase
🔍 Field-Specific Searching
📑 Common Field Codes
Target specific parts of records for precision:
| Field | PubMed | Scopus | Web of Science |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | [ti] | TITLE() | TI= |
| Abstract | [ab] | ABS() | AB= |
| Title/Abstract | [tiab] | TITLE-ABS() | TS= |
| Author | [au] | AUTH() | AU= |
| Journal | [ta] | SRCTITLE() | SO= |
| Publication Year | [dp] | PUBYEAR() | PY= |
| Affiliation | [ad] | AFFIL() | AD= |
🎯 Field Search Examples
PubMed:
Smith J[au] AND diabetes[ti] AND 2024[dp]
Scopus:
AUTH(Smith) AND TITLE(diabetes) AND PUBYEAR(2024)
Web of Science:
AU=Smith AND TI=diabetes AND PY=2024
Smith J[au] AND diabetes[ti] AND 2024[dp]
Scopus:
AUTH(Smith) AND TITLE(diabetes) AND PUBYEAR(2024)
Web of Science:
AU=Smith AND TI=diabetes AND PY=2024
🎓 Subject Headings & Controlled Vocabulary
📚 Major Controlled Vocabularies
- MeSH (Medical Subject Headings): PubMed/MEDLINE - 30,000+ terms
- Emtree: Embase - 75,000+ terms
- CINAHL Subject Headings: Nursing & allied health
- PsycINFO Thesaurus: Psychology terminology
- ERIC Descriptors: Education concepts
MeSH Search Strategy
Basic MeSH:
"Diabetes Mellitus"[MeSH]
With Subheadings:
"Diabetes Mellitus/therapy"[MeSH]
Exploded (includes narrower terms):
"Diabetes Mellitus"[MeSH] (automatic in PubMed)
Major Topic Only:
"Diabetes Mellitus"[Majr]
Combined Strategy:
("Diabetes Mellitus"[MeSH] OR diabetes[tiab] OR diabetic*[tiab])
"Diabetes Mellitus"[MeSH]
With Subheadings:
"Diabetes Mellitus/therapy"[MeSH]
Exploded (includes narrower terms):
"Diabetes Mellitus"[MeSH] (automatic in PubMed)
Major Topic Only:
"Diabetes Mellitus"[Majr]
Combined Strategy:
("Diabetes Mellitus"[MeSH] OR diabetes[tiab] OR diabetic*[tiab])
🏛️ DU eLibrary: Comprehensive Resource Navigation
Delhi University's eLibrary provides access to 100+ premium databases, 50,000+ e-journals, and millions of academic resources. This guide maximizes your research potential through strategic resource utilization.
🔐 Access Methods
- On-Campus: Direct IP authentication via https://crl.du.ac.in
- Off-Campus: Remote access through https://duelibrary.in with DU credentials
- Mobile App: DU eLibrary app for iOS/Android with offline capabilities
- Subject Portals: Discipline-specific gateways at https://crl.du.ac.in/subjectportal
1Core Database Categories
📚 Bibliographic Databases
- Scopus
- Web of Science
- Google Scholar
- MathSciNet
📖 Full-Text Collections
- ScienceDirect
- JSTOR
- Project MUSE
- Taylor & Francis
📰 News & Current Affairs
- PressReader
- ProQuest Newspapers
- Economic Times
- The Hindu Archives
📊 Statistical & Data
- IndiaStat
- CMIE Prowess
- Bloomberg Terminal
- World Bank Data
⚖️ Legal Resources
- Manupatra
- SCC Online
- LexisNexis
- HeinOnline
📘 E-Book Platforms
- Springer Nature
- Cambridge Core
- Oxford Scholarship
- Pearson eBooks
2ONOS Initiative Resources
One Nation One Subscription provides unprecedented access to major publishers:
🌟 Premium Publisher Access
Science & Technology
- Nature Publishing
- Science (AAAS)
- IEEE Xplore
- American Chemical Society
- Institute of Physics
Medicine & Life Sciences
- BMJ Journals
- The Lancet
- Cell Press
- American Medical Association
- Karger Publishers
Social Sciences & Humanities
- SAGE Publications
- Emerald Insight
- Oxford University Press
- Cambridge University Press
- Routledge
🔍 Strategic Search Plans by Resource Type
📚 Bibliographic Database Search Strategy
Scopus/Web of Science Workflow
- Initial Broad Search:
TITLE-ABS-KEY("machine learning" OR "artificial intelligence" OR AI)
- Apply Filters:
- Publication years: 2020-2025
- Document type: Article, Review
- Subject area: Computer Science
- Language: English
- Analyze Results:
- View citation analysis
- Identify top authors/institutions
- Export to reference manager
- Citation Mining:
- Check references (backward)
- Find citing articles (forward)
- Explore related documents
📖 Full-Text Database Search Strategy
ScienceDirect/JSTOR Workflow
- Advanced Search Setup:
Title: climate change
Abstract: adaptation OR mitigation
Keywords: policy OR governance - Content Type Selection:
- Research articles
- Review articles
- Book chapters
- Within-Article Search:
- Use Ctrl+F for specific terms
- Navigate by sections
- Check supplementary data
- Export Options:
- PDF download (check limits)
- Citation export (RIS, BibTeX)
- Create reading lists
📘 E-Book Platform Search Strategy
Springer/Cambridge Books Workflow
- Browse by Subject:
- Navigate subject taxonomy
- Filter by publication year
- Sort by relevance/date
- Search Within Books:
Use quotation marks for exact phrases
Combine with Boolean operators
Target specific chapters - Chapter-Level Access:
- Download individual chapters
- Create custom collections
- Track reading history
📊 Statistical Database Search Strategy
IndiaStat/CMIE Prowess Workflow
- Define Parameters:
- Geographic scope (state/district)
- Time period
- Industry/sector
- Variables of interest
- Data Extraction:
- Select relevant tables
- Apply filters
- Cross-tabulation options
- Export Formats:
- Excel for analysis
- CSV for programming
- PDF for reports
💡 DU eLibrary Power User Tips
🚀 Maximize Your Access
- Create Personal Accounts: Register on individual platforms for personalized features
- Set Up Alerts: Configure email alerts for new content in your field
- Use Reference Management: Link Mendeley/Zotero to databases
- Download Strategically: Check download limits and prioritize essential content
- Explore Training Resources: Attend library workshops and webinars
- Mobile Optimization: Install database apps for mobile access
⚠️ Common Access Issues & Solutions
- Authentication Failed: Clear browser cache, check VPN settings
- Resource Not Available: Verify subscription status, try alternative database
- Download Limits Reached: Wait 24 hours or contact library support
- Slow Performance: Use wired connection, avoid peak hours (10 AM - 2 PM)
📊 Scopus Mastery: Advanced Features & Capabilities
Scopus, the world's largest abstract and citation database, indexes 46,799+ journals and over 100 million documents. Master its advanced features to revolutionize your research discovery and analysis.
🚀 Scopus AI (2024-2025 Features)
- Natural Language Search: Ask questions in plain English without Boolean operators
- Copilot Search Assistant: AI determines optimal search strategy automatically
- Emerging Themes Detection: Identifies rising research trends before mainstream adoption
- Concept Mapping: Visual representation of research relationships
- Expert Identification: Find leading researchers with expertise explanations
- Enhanced Summaries: AI-generated summaries of up to 30 search results
1Advanced Search Construction
🔍 Scopus Search Syntax
| Field Code | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| TITLE-ABS-KEY() | Title, Abstract, Keywords | TITLE-ABS-KEY("machine learning") |
| AUTH() | Author name | AUTH(Smith AND John) |
| AFFIL() | Affiliation | AFFIL("Delhi University") |
| SRCTITLE() | Source title | SRCTITLE("Nature") |
| PUBYEAR | Publication year | PUBYEAR > 2020 |
| DOCTYPE() | Document type | DOCTYPE(ar OR re) |
| SUBJAREA() | Subject area | SUBJAREA(COMP OR ENGI) |
Complex Search Example:
TITLE-ABS-KEY("artificial intelligence" OR AI OR "machine learning") AND
AFFIL(india) AND
PUBYEAR > 2020 AND
DOCTYPE(ar) AND
SUBJAREA(COMP OR ENGI) AND
NOT TITLE("review")
TITLE-ABS-KEY("artificial intelligence" OR AI OR "machine learning") AND
AFFIL(india) AND
PUBYEAR > 2020 AND
DOCTYPE(ar) AND
SUBJAREA(COMP OR ENGI) AND
NOT TITLE("review")
2Proximity Operators in Scopus
🎯 Proximity Search Options
- W/n: Within n words in order
climate W/5 change
- PRE/n: Precedes by n words
cognitive PRE/3 therapy
- Phrase with variations: Use curly brackets
{heart attack} finds "heart attack" and "heart attacks"
3Author & Affiliation Profiling
👤 Author Profile Features
- Author ID: Unique identifier resolving name variations
- h-index: Author-level metric for productivity and impact
- Document & Citation Count: Total publications and citations
- Co-author Network: Collaboration visualization
- Subject Areas: Research domain classification
- ORCID Integration: Link to ORCID for enhanced discoverability
Find Author Example:
AUTH-ID(7004367636) OR ORCID(0000-0002-1825-4097)
AUTH-ID(7004367636) OR ORCID(0000-0002-1825-4097)
📈 Bibliometric Analysis in Scopus
📊 CiteScore Metrics Suite
CiteScore
4-year citation window
All document types included
Updated monthly
SJR (SCImago Journal Rank)
Prestige-weighted citations
Subject field normalized
Network-based metric
SNIP
Source Normalized Impact
Contextual citation impact
Field-independent comparison
📊 Analyze Search Results
Analysis Options
- Documents by year: Publication trends over time
- Documents by source: Top publishing journals
- Documents by author: Most productive researchers
- Documents by affiliation: Leading institutions
- Documents by country: Geographic distribution
- Documents by subject area: Interdisciplinary spread
- Documents by funding sponsor: Funding patterns
🔄 Citation Analysis
Citation Overview Features
- View Citation Overview: Select documents → View citation overview
- Customize Date Range: Adjust years for citation analysis
- Exclude Self-Citations: Toggle to remove author self-citations
- Export Citation Data: Download as CSV for further analysis
- h-index Calculation: View h-index for selected document set
Find Highly Cited Papers:
TITLE-ABS-KEY("your topic") AND PUBYEAR > 2020
Sort by: Cited by (highest)
TITLE-ABS-KEY("your topic") AND PUBYEAR > 2020
Sort by: Cited by (highest)
🔧 Scopus Power User Features
🎯 Search History & Alerts
- Save Searches: Create account → Save search with custom name
- Set Search Alerts: Configure frequency (daily/weekly/monthly)
- Document Alerts: Track citations to specific papers
- Author Alerts: Follow new publications by authors
- RSS Feeds: Generate RSS for saved searches
📤 Export & Integration Options
- Reference Managers:
- Direct export to Mendeley
- RIS format for EndNote/Zotero
- BibTeX for LaTeX users
- Data Formats:
- CSV for Excel analysis
- PDF for documentation
- Plain text citations
- API Access:
- Scopus Search API
- Abstract Retrieval API
- Author Retrieval API
- Serial Title API
🔬 Research Evaluation Workflow
- Identify Key Papers:
REFAUTH(smith j) AND PUBYEAR > 2020
- Analyze Citation Networks:
- View references (backward citations)
- View citing documents (forward citations)
- Identify seminal works
- Compare Metrics:
- CiteScore vs Impact Factor
- Field-weighted citation impact
- Percentile rankings
- Generate Reports:
- Export bibliometric data
- Create visualization charts
- Prepare evaluation documents
⚠️ Common Scopus Pitfalls & Solutions
- Too Many Results: Use field-specific searching (TITLE instead of TITLE-ABS-KEY)
- Missing Recent Papers: Include preprints and articles in press
- Author Name Variations: Use Author ID or ORCID instead of name
- Incomplete Affiliation Data: Try variations (DU, Delhi University, University of Delhi)
🎯 Comprehensive Search Strategies
Develop systematic approaches tailored to your research goals, combining multiple techniques and resources for optimal results.
📋 Strategy Development Framework
- Define Scope: Clarify research boundaries and objectives
- Select Approach: Choose between comprehensive vs. focused searching
- Identify Resources: Map relevant databases and sources
- Develop Terms: Create comprehensive keyword lists
- Test & Refine: Pilot searches and adjust strategies
- Document Process: Maintain detailed search logs
1Systematic Review Search Strategy
📚 PRISMA-Compliant Approach
Phase 1: Protocol Development
- Register protocol (PROSPERO)
- Define PICO/SPIDER question
- Establish inclusion/exclusion criteria
- Identify team members and roles
Phase 2: Search Execution
- Databases: Minimum 3, ideally 5-7
- MEDLINE (via PubMed)
- Embase
- Web of Science
- Subject-specific databases
- Grey literature sources
- Supplementary Searches:
- Reference list scanning
- Citation tracking
- Author contacting
- Clinical trial registries
Search String Template:
(population terms) AND
(intervention terms) AND
(comparison terms) AND
(outcome terms) AND
(study design filter)
(population terms) AND
(intervention terms) AND
(comparison terms) AND
(outcome terms) AND
(study design filter)
2Rapid Evidence Assessment
⚡ Time-Efficient Approach
- Limited Databases: 2-3 most relevant
- Date Restrictions: Last 5-10 years
- Language Limits: English only acceptable
- Single Screening: One reviewer with verification
- Focused Data Extraction: Key outcomes only
Trade-offs: Faster completion (1-3 months) but potential for missed studies. Document limitations clearly.
3Scoping Review Strategy
🗺️ Exploratory Approach
Purpose: Map the literature landscape for emerging or broad topics
Characteristics
- Broad research questions
- All study designs included
- No quality assessment required
- Descriptive synthesis
Best For
- Emerging topics
- Interdisciplinary research
- Policy development
- Research priority setting
4Citation Tracking Strategy
🔄 Network-Based Discovery
Backward Citation Searching
- Identify 3-5 highly relevant papers
- Extract all references
- Screen titles/abstracts for relevance
- Obtain full texts of relevant citations
- Repeat process for newly found papers
Forward Citation Searching
- Use Web of Science/Scopus/Google Scholar
- Find "Cited by" or "Times cited"
- Review all citing articles
- Filter by date/relevance
- Export results to reference manager
Tools for Citation Tracking:
• Citation Gecko (free, visual)
• Connected Papers (AI-powered)
• Citationchaser (R package)
• ResearchRabbit (recommendation engine)
• Citation Gecko (free, visual)
• Connected Papers (AI-powered)
• Citationchaser (R package)
• ResearchRabbit (recommendation engine)
🎨 Subject-Specific Strategies
🏥 Medical/Health Sciences
Core Databases:
- PubMed/MEDLINE
- Embase
- Cochrane Library
Key Features:
- MeSH terms essential
- Clinical trial filters
- Systematic review filters
Example: "Diabetes Mellitus"[MeSH] AND "Exercise Therapy"[MeSH]
🧬 Life Sciences
Core Databases:
- Web of Science
- Scopus
- PubMed
Key Features:
- Gene/protein databases
- Sequence searches
- Protocol repositories
Example: TITLE-ABS-KEY(CRISPR AND gene editing)
📊 Social Sciences
Core Databases:
- PsycINFO
- Sociological Abstracts
- ERIC
Key Features:
- Thesaurus terms
- Qualitative filters
- Grey literature important
Example: DE "Social Media" AND DE "Mental Health"
💻 Computer Science
Core Databases:
- IEEE Xplore
- ACM Digital Library
- arXiv
Key Features:
- Conference papers vital
- Preprints common
- Code repositories
Example: ("machine learning" OR ML) AND algorithm*
🔍 Grey Literature Strategies
📑 Grey Literature Sources
- Dissertations & Theses: ProQuest Dissertations, DART-Europe, EThOS
- Conference Proceedings: Conference Proceedings Citation Index, PapersFirst
- Government Documents: Official websites, National Archives, Policy databases
- Research Reports: Institutional repositories, Think tank websites
- Preprints: arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, SSRN, OSF Preprints
- Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, EU Clinical Trials Register
🌐 Web Searching for Grey Literature
Google Scholar Strategy
- Review first 200-300 results
- Use advanced search operators
- Filter by date and relevance
- Check "Related articles" and "Cited by"
site:gov "climate change" filetype:pdf
intitle:"working paper" "artificial intelligence"
site:edu "systematic review" protocol
intitle:"working paper" "artificial intelligence"
site:edu "systematic review" protocol
🛠️ Essential Tools & Resources
📚 Reference Management
Organize citations and PDFs efficiently
🔍 Discovery Tools
AI-powered search and recommendation
📊 Analysis Software
Systematic review and meta-analysis
📈 Visualization
Network analysis and mapping
🧠 Test Your Literature Search Knowledge
Which Boolean operator would you use to find articles containing either "teenager" OR "adolescent"?
AND
OR
NOT
NEAR
Question 1 of 15 |
Score: 0